烯效唑浸种对干旱胁迫下工业大麻幼苗形态、渗透调节物质及内源激素的影响

选用0.4 mg·L~(-1)的烯效唑(S_(3307))浸种工业大麻"火麻一号"种子,采用盆栽试验方法,于大麻三叶期设置清水浸种后正常供水(CK)、清水浸种后干旱胁迫(D)和烯效唑浸种后干旱胁迫(D+S)3个处理,探讨烯效唑浸种对干旱胁迫下工业大麻幼苗形态、渗透调节物质及内源激素的影响。结果表明:与D处理的植株相比,D+S处理显著提高了根系干、鲜重,分别提高46.67%～61.54%和16.46%～25.53%;恢复了胁迫后期的地上部干、鲜重,复水4 d后地上部干、鲜重较D处理分别提高了4.38%和2.23%;促进了根系生长的能力,干旱胁迫8 d后,D+S处理较D处理根长、根表面积、根体积、根总投影面积、分枝数、交叉数和根尖数分别增加了34.48%、34.77%、69.10%、70.00%、29.62%、54.28%和33.07%;提高了幼苗叶片SPAD值,降低了细胞膜透性,增加了可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,干旱胁迫8 d后D+S处理较D处理SPAD值增加了28.30%,细胞膜透性减少了17.22%,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量分别增加了17.32%～36.78%和5.07%～7.94%。干旱胁迫8 d后,D+S处理使工业大麻叶片中脱落酸(ABA)含量增加了1.02倍,水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸(JA)含量分别降低了17.79%和14.40%。可见,烯效唑浸种能通过调控工业大麻幼苗生长及生理指标来增强其抗旱能力,缓解干旱胁迫对幼苗造成的伤害。     

OsHemA gene,encoding glutamyl-tRNA reductase(GluTR) is essential for chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice(Oryza sativa)

Chlorophyll(Chl) biosynthesis is essential for photosynthesis and plant growth. Glutamyl-tRNA reductase(GluTR) catalyzes glutamyl-tRNA into glutamate-1-semialdehyde(GSA) and initiates the chlorophyll biosynthesis. Even though the main role of GluTR has been established, the effects caused by natural variations in its corresponding gene remain largely unknown. Here, we characterized a spontaneous mutant in paddy field with Chl biosynthesis deficiency, designated as cbd1. With intact thylakoid lamellar structure, the cbd1 plant showed light green leaves and reduced Chl and carotenoids(Cars) content significantly compared to the wild type. By map-based gene cloning, the mutation was restricted within a 57-kb region on chromosome 10, in which an mPingA miniature inverted-repeat transposable element(MITE) inserted in the promoter region of OsHemA gene. Both leaf color and the pigment contents in cbd1 were recovered in a complementation test, confirming OsHemA was responsible for the mutant phenotype. OsHemA was uniquely predicted to encode GluTR and its expression level was dramatically repressed in cbd1. Transient transformation in protoplasts demonstrated that GluTR localized in chloroplasts and a signal peptide exists in its N-terminus. A majority of Chl biosynthesis genes, except for POR and CHLG, were down-regulated synchronously by the repression of OsHemA, suggesting that an attenuation occurred in the Chl biosynthesis pathway. Interestingly, we found major agronomic traits involved in rice yield were statistically unaffected, except for the number of full grains per panicle was increased in cbd1. Collectively, OsHemA plays an essential role in Chl biosynthesis in rice and its weak allele can adjust leaf color and Chls content without compromise to rice yield.     

Application of imidacloprid controlled-release granules to enhance the utilization rate and control wheat aphid on winter wheat

During winter wheat production, aphids need to be controlled with pesticides for the entire growth period. Controlled-release technology has been regarded as an alternative method for the improvement of pesticide efficiency. This study investigated two types of imidacloprid controlled-release granule (CR-GR): 2% imidacloprid CR-GR and 0.2% imidacloprid pesticide-fertilizer controlled-release granule (PF-CR-GR) when wheat was sown in winter. The release performance, utilization rate, terminal residues in edible parts, control effect on aphids, and achieved winter wheat yield were evaluated for both laboratory experiments and field application. Imidacloprid PF-CR-GR released more quickly in aqueous medium than CR-GR because of its good water solubility. After CR-GR treatments, the concentrations in wheat roots and soil were similar throughout the entire sampling period, and the concentrations in shoots were about 10–20% of those in roots. Imidacloprid was better absorbed when CR-GR was used as root treatment, compared with foliar treatment. Field application showed that imidacloprid CR-GR and PF-CR-GR controlled aphids throughout the entire growth period of winter wheat and improved the wheat yield. These findings identified application of imidacloprid CR-GR and PF-CR-GR on winter wheat as an effective way to enhance the pesticide utilization rate and ensure adequate yield. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the scientific use of pesticides and guides scientific pesticide application.     

渠堤化城镇河岸带的植被特征及其用地影响

渠堤化是干扰城镇河流的常见建设方式，掌握植物特征及对其产生显著影响的用地因素，对于优化渠化的城镇河岸植被带具有重要意义。采用样带全面调查的方法，对北京段已基本全线渠堤化潮白河河岸带植物进行调查，通过多重比较分析河岸带植物丰富度在不同空间位置的差异，并利用NMDS非约束排序拟合解译的周边缓冲区土地利用数据，探讨对渠堤化河岸带植物丰富度和种类分布产生显著影响的因素。结果表明:1）河岸带植物种类174种（乔、灌、草分别为52、29、90种），以草本为主；2）全线渠堤化城镇河流河岸带植物群落种类及丰富度均存在建成区和非建成区的显著差异，总体植物、乔木和灌木植物丰富度在建成区显著大于非建成区，但入侵植物沿渠堤化河岸带不存在空间位置的差异，入侵可能沿渠堤蔓延；3）周边缓冲区道路、其他不透水地表面积是城镇地区全线渠堤化河岸带植物丰富度的显著正相关影响因子，对主要观赏灌木和乔木种类分布存在积极影响，对原生灌木和草本种类分布存在消极影响，这种分布特征受人工干扰影响。     

平凉一次暴雨前对流层顶异常特征分析

利用NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料和常规气象观测资料,以2016年7月18日出现在平凉的区域性暴雨为例,分析暴雨发生前对流层顶高度、温度以及各高度的垂直速度、位涡、风场变化特征.结果表明,暴雨发生前4d至前2d对流层顶高度有明显的下降,并于暴雨发生前2 d降至最低,最低为14.6 km,相反地,对流层顶温度在暴雨发生前5 d至前2 d开始上升,并于暴雨发生前2 d升至最高,可达-65.6℃.对流层顶高度在暴雨发生前2 d的空间形变主要体现在南北方向上,高度的经向梯度变化比纬向梯度变化明显;从纬向看,暴雨发生前2 d,2 PVU等位涡线可以向下发展至380 hPa附近,凹陷最明显,即暴雨发生前2 d平凉地区对流层顶会出现折卷现象,暴雨发生当天,上升运动最强盛,最大垂直速度可达-0.3 Pa/s;对流层顶高度下降主要原因是由高层向下侵入的高位涡冷空气及对流层顶折卷过程影响.以上结果表明,对流层顶附近异常信号对暴雨预测有较好的指示意义.     

不同保存温度和反复冻融次数对鸭疫里默氏杆菌DNA的影响

为探究不同保存温度和反复冻融次数对鸭疫里默氏杆菌DNA的影响,研究了不同保存温度和反复冻融次数对不同浓度梯度组鸭疫里默氏杆菌DNA样品浓度及荧光定量Ct值的影响.根据OmpA基因保守序列设计了鸭疫里默氏杆菌荧光定量PCR特异性引物,产物大小为112 bp,退火温度为56℃.荧光定量循环阈值Ct值随DNA浓度的下降而升高.常温保存的DNA样品7 d后出现明显降解,保存温度为4、-20、-80℃时则对荧光定量PCR检测效率影响不大.较高浓度的A、B组DNA样品Ct值未受冻融次数的影响,而浓度较低的C、D组则在冻融21次后Ct值明显升高.研究建立了鸭疫里默氏杆菌荧光定量PCR鉴定方法,Ct值随DNA浓度的下降而升高,DNA样品应低于4℃保存,低浓度DNA应避免反复冻融.     

大豆再生相关性状QTL定位

文章采用子叶节法,利用高再生率大豆品种合丰25与低再生率大豆品系L-28及其衍生的重组自交系群体(RIL)100个家系,评价不定芽诱导率、伸长率、生根率和成苗率等指标,比较不同大豆基因型之间再生率差异,并利用简化基因组测序技术作QTL定位分析.结果表明,在大豆RIL群体4个再生性状中,诱导率与伸长率、生根率和成苗率之间均达极显著,表现为连续单峰曲线,符合正态分布特点.同时检测到10个与大豆再生性状显著相关QTL位点,其中独立QTL位点2个,可重复检测QTL位点3个,与诱导率、伸长率、生根率和成苗率显著相关QTL位点分别为2个、3个、3个、2个.研究结果将为探索大豆再生规律、建立高效再生体系、提高大豆遗传转化效率奠定基础.     

绿豆芽萌发过程中营养成分变化规律研究

通过研究绿豆在萌芽过程中营养成分VC、氨基酸和可溶性糖的含量变化,确定其最宜食用时间,同时发现绿豆芽中VC、可溶性糖和氨基酸的含量高于绿豆种子本身.结果表明,最宜食用时间是在其发芽的3～4 d、长度在4～6 cm时,此时不仅VC没有大量分解,而且氨基酸和可溶性糖的含量达到了一个相对较高的量,既保证营养的最佳综合供应,又保证食用时鲜嫩可口.     

响应面优化早花忍冬组培苗增殖培养条件

本试验以早花忍冬组培苗的茎段为试验材料,采用Box-Behnken响应面设计法优化早花忍冬茎段继代培养的条件,为早花忍冬组培离体快繁体系建立提供了参考依据.通过单因素试验法确定激素的添加范围,通过响应面优化得到最佳的增殖培养基.结果表明:激素种类对早花忍冬组培苗茎段继代培养的影响顺序依次为:6-BA＞IAA＞IBA,并且在6-BA浓度为1.9 mg/L、IBA浓度为0.76 mg/L、IAA浓度为0.27 mg/L时,茎段继代培养的增殖系数为7.66,与方程预测值相接近.